To give credit to authors and acknowledge their ideas (whether you quote them or not).
To avoid plagiarism.
To allow others to track the sources you consulted, so scholars can have conversations about your topic.
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Watch the 2 minutes video Citation: A (Very) Brief Introduction, created by NCSU Libraries. This video is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 BY-NC-SA US license.
There are many ways to format citations. The style you choose depends on your field and the requirements set by your Instructor.
This style, recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA), is often used for scholarly writing about medicine or health-related topics.
A citation or reference is the information given in a bibliography or a database about a particular title, which often includes:
Template
Note number. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Title of article: no capital after colon. Journal title abbreviated. Year of Publication;Volume(Issue):Page Range. URL or DOI. Date accessed (if using a URL).
Print Article
1. Ellery, K. Undergraduate plagiarism: a pedagogical perspective. Assess Eval High Educ. 2008;33(5):507-516.
Online Article
2. Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychol. 2005;24:225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.225
3. Wan Y, Yan Y, Ma F, Wang L, Lu P, Maytag A, Jiang J. LPR: How different diagnostic tools shape the outcomes of treatment. J Voice. 2014;28(3):362-368. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0892199713002518. Accessed January 16, 2016.
Reference List
Listed in numerical order at the end of the manuscript.
References to material not yet accepted for publication or to personal communications are instead included parenthetically in the text.
In-Text Citation
Superscript number refers to the corresponding reference in the reference list.
Adapted from UWM Libraries
You can often find all the information you need for a journal article citation on the first page of that article.
**click on image to enlarge it**
Adapted from UWM Libraries
This style, recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA), is often used for scholarly writing about medicine or health-related topics.
Look up journals in PubMed/NCBI to find their abbreviations.
AMA manual of style : a guide for authors and editors
Call Number: R 119 A533 2020 on RESERVE
1. Lastname FM, Lastname FM. Title of article: subtitle of article. Abbreviated Journal Name (or full title if no NCBI NLM abbreviation). Year;vol(issue number):page-page. DOI (if given)
2. Kernozek TW, Knaus A, Rademaker T, Almonroeder TG. The effects of habitual foot strike patterns on Achilles tendon loading in female runners. Gait Posture. 2018;66:283-287. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.09.016
Reference List
Listed in numerical order at the end of the manuscript.
References to material not yet accepted for publication or to personal communications are instead included parenthetically in the text.
In-Text Citation
Superscript number refers to the corresponding reference in the reference list.
Organize and save citations/articles. |
Create in-text citations. |
Share citations/articles with colleagues. |
Generate Reference Lists in a wide range of styles. |
with thanks to MCPHS University
Plagiarism
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ZoteroBib quickly generates a citation and then converts it to APA, MLA, etc.
A comprehensive overview on How To Use Zotero.
This guide provides an overview of Zotero along with training options, support and access information for Zotero.
Some tips: from Royal Roads University guide on Zotero and from University of Wisconsin.
The comparison chart below will help you to examine the different features available and figure out the best option for you.
Zotero |
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Mendeley |
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Adapted from Toronto Metropolitan University Library Citation Management